Arbitration of Investment Disputes - A Turkish Perspective Essay

Arbitration of Investment Disputes - A Turkish Perspective - Essay Example The arbitrator can  be a third reliable party between the two opponents. They make a decision outside the court of law and predominantly decisions made by the arbitrator are final and binding. So, arbitration is an â€Å"Alternative Dispute Resolution† technique used by two conflicting parties to resolve their dispute without getting into legal (court) formalities. In big investments where the government, big corporate and financial institutions deals within country or internationally, dispute arises because of company policies, changing e theonomy, conditions of countries, policies of both parties countries dealing with, political environment, etc. ‘Investment Arbitration’ is a policy for economic development and prosperity supported and backed by economic policies by setting up independent disciplines for the development and civilization of institution by enforcing good governance with effective, efficient and disciplined economic reforms which ultimately results in better investment conditions and environment and development of policies for investors protection. 1 So, arbitration of investment dispute is a perfect path of resolving an international dispute among two opponent parties with the help of an arbitrator for the quick decision, it may be between two individuals or individual with the government, financial institutions, corporate or any two parties. The primary source for information for investment arbitration is regional and bilateral investment treaties which are according to United Nation Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Till now there are 2,500 treaties and it is increasing by 50 to 100 in numbers every year. This is primarily because of the growing number of law firms. IISD is an authorized institution for reviewing and revising the main rules of arbitration.

Pathology Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pathology - Case Study Example known kind of primary bone cancer that affects children and young persons{"status":"TOOLBAR_READY","toolbarId":211628906} and the second most rampant overall after chondrosarcoma. Osteosarcoma begins when a single bone cell gets abnormal and grows out of control to create a lump of cancerous tissues referred to as a tumor. The cells within the tumor still act as a bone and tries to make new bone as they grow and divide. In case a pathologist can see a bone in a tumor sample through the use of a microscope, this assists in confirming the diagnosis of osteosarcoma. From historical information and data, ‘Osteo comes from the Greek word that means bone and a ‘sarcoma is the name that is given to cancers that begin in supporting or connective tissues, like fat, bone, blood vessels, cartilage, and muscle. Most of the Osteosarcoma cases come from a single area within the region of a long bone referred to as the (meta-FEE-sis) metaphysis. The meta-FEE-sis contains the area of the bone where cells are developing and dividing, this is referred to as the epi-FEE-see-al (epiphyseal) plate. The lengthy bones of the carcass are the bones that are considered being very much longer than they are wide. For instance the bones of the limbs, (femur) thigh bone of the (humerus) upper arm bone. Rarely can Osteosarcoma start in more than a single bone at the same time; but if it happens, it is typically referred to as multifocal osteosarcoma. The tumor behaves in an aggressive way, which means it can spread quickly to the bloodstream through or from the bone into additional regions within the body. The most usual area of the body that it spreads to is the lungs. Osteosarcoma can additionally spread to other areas of the body quickly, patients require treatment for the whole body; this is usually referred to as a systematic treatment. X-ray: X-ray is done to the various organs of the body system. Bones are also reviewed under X-ray. The X-ray is an energy beam type that can

Performance Measurement System in Julphar Company Term Paper

Performance Measurement System in Julphar Company - Term Paper Example RAK Ceramics is a company based in United Arab Emirates (UAE). The company was established in 1989 by Abdallah Massaad. The Company has been able to establish itself as the world’s largest ceramic manufacturing companies in a span of 20 years. The factory is however situated in the Arabian dessert. The products that RAK Ceramics has been offering consist of tableware, porcelain tiles, sanitary ware, bath ware, fittings, adhesive and faucets (Attwood â€Å"Racking up Miles for Tiles†). The Company operates in several countries of Asia as well as Middle-East such as, Bangladesh, Iran, India, Sudan, China, etc. In this study the performance of this company would be measured and analysed with respect to its customer satisfaction ability, improvement activities, internal process, employee satisfaction, competition handling, and innovation (â€Å"Company Profile†). Problem Statement It not necessary that every research study is developed to discuss problems and challen ges. Sometimes even they are even designed to evaluate and analyse situation, such as performance of a company. As in this case, the performance management system of the ceramic manufacturing company, RAK Ceramic would be analysed through statistical tools. ... Internal Process The internal process of RAKCeramics is mainly based on its technology integrated business model. The strength lies in the speed of improvement that the company manages and supplies the product to the market as soon as customers demand. The company owns 10 factories, which is well equipped with the most modern machineries. 8000 bath wares are manufactures every day in three plants in the similar location. Production and distribution is well-managed through IT based supply chain (â€Å"Corporate Profile†). Innovation RAK Ceramics’ core competency is offering innovative products and unique designs to its customers using technology. The strategy of the company is to innovate and introduce new designs for the customers is a strategy for improving performance. They are also utilising scan coding system for allowing customers to utilise their smart phones for scanning the QR code in the advertisement and directly visit the website of the company. They are also developing a mobile tool called iDesign, where customers can design their incorporate their own designs for customisation (Hankir â€Å"RAK Ceramics CEO Sees No Slowdown in U.A.E; Plans India IPO to Build Plant†). Improvement activities The demand for RAK Ceramics is continuously rising, so the company is looking forward to improve their manufacturing capacity by augmenting its power infrastructure. Several new power plants is planned to be launched in emirates in order to utilise sustainable sources of energy to respect the environmental concerns and maintain efficiency. The requirement for more power capacity was also identified in summers by the company

Latin America ( Physical system ) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Latin America ( Physical system ) - Essay Example 269). Recently, the president of Ecuador (Correa) has been in defense of the oil extractions plans in the Amazon (Laht.com, 2014). According to the president, the plans to carry out the oil extraction will have minimal impact to the people and the environment. The government of Ecuador plans to extract oil from Yasuni National Park located in the amazon forest. This forest contains a high level of biodiversity and acts as an ecosystem to thousands of organisms. Altering the ecosystem in favor of the economy will lead to deforestation and climate change. Cutting down of the trees in order to obtain oil will mean reduced carbon absorption. Moreover, this region offers habitat to a different organism, and it is a source of water for human beings. Once the operations begin, the mentioned advantages will be affected negatively. The extraction of oil has several effects on the country. On the positive side, it is going to improve the country’s economy by increasing GDP and providing employment. On the negative side, this event will destroy the habitat and will contribute a lot to global warming due to the emission of industrial waste into the environment. This move by the president sparked several concerns of displeasure. Environmental organizations were concerned on how this move to destroy acres of land in search for oil. However, this move by the president will have numerous political effects in the country. For instance, there have been rising concerns about the president’s leadership, whether he is fit to rule the country (Smith, 2014). People wonder if he has their interest at heart. The president managed to garner political support through the parliament to facilitate his pursuit. The bill was passed in support of the new project. Non-governmental institutions are infuriated by this act. As a result, they embarked on a campaign to oppose the bill. The country is set to experience a political divide. On one hand, some advocate for oil

Case Study Of Yellow Auto Company Commerce Essay

Case Study Of Yellow Auto Company Commerce Essay As one of the most well-known car company, Yellow Auto Company was built in 1989 and occupied 54 marketing share in 2008. Why can it develop so fast and increase their share great in less than 20 years? This paper aims to conduct the case study of Yellow Auto Automotive Company, from the perspective of psychology digging the decision making issues in this company. First, a brief introduction of the company is given to let readers know the basic information of Yellow Auto. Then the relevant decision making issues are analyzed combining the theory of psychology in making decision. At last, suggestions on how to maintain long and short comings of Yellow Auto are given and how to improve their decision making in the future is also discussed. introduction of the Company Yellow Auto Automotive Company was built by two brothers, Can and Caner Sale in 1989. As a family company, its shareholders are acted by the owners and the assets came from the two brothers family. Yellow Auto owns two stores in Gaziemir and Cambidi respectively and acts as one of the most well-known car company over the worldwide. Yellow Auto aims at selling famous brands cars in different areas, such as Coca-Cola. They have two options of car market, first of which are high market demand models and second are those cars with special features according to customers needs. Yellow Auto followed the development step and changes of the parent company. All the employees are required to adapt to the developing steps of technologies. The top manager put eyes on three important departments: finance, sales and after-sales services. The sales of Yellow Auto were supervised by a manager and they put a lot of attention on the face-to-face communication to attract customers. In their recruitment, Yellow Auto prefers active and highly-educated young people. Employees are required to ask every detail and not encouraged to make decisions by themselves. Many rules in the company management are unwritten but stored in hearts of the family members. Yellow Auto always cares about the level of customer satisfaction. They figured out several ways to increase customer satisfaction. They made great effort to attract future young customers, and offered sufficient communication with existing customers, such as telephone conversations and sending text message. Analysis on the Relevant Decision Making Issues in the Case 3.1 Relevant Decision Making Issues What kind of issues in the case Since 2001, top managers of Yellow Auto made a risk decision under the background of a serious economic crisis in Turkey. In the whole changing process, top managers made a lot of analysis on the psychology of employees. They even asked external consultants from a university in Turkey for help to assist the policy change process well operated. Therefore, this report is going to conduct the case study of Yellow Auto from the perspective of psychology. What decisions made /how the decisions implemented by the company Yellow Auto used to make several decisions in the whole changing process as the following. First, top managers of Yellow Auto made the important decision, that is, to achieve a goal of having 50% of the market share in the field. It is a high risky decision due to the economic crisis. In order to promise the smooth going of this decision, Yellow Auto decided to ask help from academics in university. Under the guidance of the external consultants, change efforts are put on increasing physical working conditions, distinguishing tasks for managers and employees, designing careers plans for young generations, and right person for the right job principle. Next the implementation of these decisions by the company will be analyzed from the perspective of psychology theory. According to the transactional analysis by Berne (1961), the human psyche consists of three ego states: parent, adult and child. Yellow Auto Company acts as the adult state. They owns strong objective and always are able to evaluate and critique. When implementing the decisions, top managers evaluate the results in time, face the actual effect of the changing process and make enough adjustment to make sure correct changing direction Whats the result After two years changing process under the suggestion from academics, the job satisfaction and organization loyalty of employees in Yellow Auto are enhanced greatly. The following increased profitability of the company is 25% more than the profitability result of 2001. Yellow Auto also extends their sales and added two stores around lzmir. In the future, the owners of Yellow Auto would maintain the good results and continue the investing in human resources. Through the cooperation with a university in lzmir, human resources of Yellow Auto will have a bright future and bring more good results. Evaluations on the Issues and Decisions How important are these issues and possible influences of these issues People are often sort of reluctant in making decisions. Analyzing the psychology of decision making for managers in company is so important that the decisions by owners and top managers would determine where the company is going to. If top managers made the wrong decision, not only huge crisis will be brought to the future of company, but also the morale of employees and loyalty to the company may be affected greatly. There are several psychological approaches for the analysis of decision making, such as psychoanalytic, behaviourist, humanist, neurobiological and cognitive (Lecture 7). In this report, the psychoanalytic approach will be applied on analysing psychology of decision making. Next, the changing strategy of Yellow Auto will be looked into from the psychology of the decision maker. According to Lauent and Kapferer (1985), there are four factors influencing individuals decision making: sense of oneself, perceived risk, social factors and hedonistic factors. These factors are not only suitable for the consumers, but also fitful for decider (Berne, 1964). On the consumer level, if people are willing to buy products from Yellow Auto, they must seek a feeling of satisfaction. All human beings own the potential of hedonistic factors. Good services and products can help consumers obtain superiority and good sense for themselves. Although perceived risk may exist in their mind, face-to-face communication by staff in the company will assist vanishing the risky feeling, such as employees in Yellow Auto. They are required to contact with consumers by phone calls and message, that gives consumers a family feeling and trust the company increasingly. As top managers, the y must be familiar with the psychology of consumers for better management and marketing future. On the other hand, from the perspective of managers in Yellow Auto, they are also decision makers. They made important decision for the company development. Sense of self is crucial for the top managers and shareholders. Based on their experience in the car market, they may be able to sense sensitively where the big fish is. However, 50% of the marketing share is such a huge risk based on the background of economy crisis. A smart manager should be able to put a lot of attention on the perceived risk and conduct some action, such as top managers of Yellow Auto. They asked help from academics in a local university, that is, they used social factors which can be reached to guarantee their company changing process. Those external consultants were professionally good at analysing psychology of employees and provided managers good suggestions to increase the satisfaction and commitment of employees. From the excellent results of Yellow Auto, that is, they had 54% marketing share in 2008, p sychology of employees and managers play crucial rules in the marketing strategy. Strength and weakness of the decisions made in the case Pisharodi and Langley (1990) used to propose a Perceptual Process Model, assisting the analysis on perpetual process in the decision making. That model consists of three parts: selective attention and emotional maker response, perceptual organization and interpretation, and the attitude and behavior. The Perceptual Process Model is going to be used to analyze the strength and weakness of decisions made in this case. First, under environmental stimuli, selective attention and emotional maker response are made (Pisharodi and Langley, 1990). That depends on a lot of factors, such as characteristics of the perceiver, assumptions and anticipation of future events. One strong strength point of Yellow Auto is that their top manager did well in this step. They perceived the right marketing trend and anticipate a bright and feasible goal for the company. Next step is the perceptual organizaiton and interpretation. An important part is the mental process in it. Here the perceivers or managers should do the categorical thinking and perceptual grouping to make sure the feasibility of the assumption and anticipation. Top managers in Yellow Auto did the perceptual organazation and interpretation so that they obtained the results, that is, they cooperated with academics to guarentee the smooth going of the change. It is indeed one strong point in this case. However, each coin has two different sides. There are still some weaknesses for Yellow Auto. Their main point is focused on the psychology of the employees and they aimed to increase the job satisfaction and commitment of employees. Although the good morale and loyalty of employee are important for the company development and culture forming, it is vitally dangerous if all top managers attention is focused on the psychology analysis of employees. They ignored to put more attention on th e marketing wave and flexible future. If marketing would suddenly change, all the previous work could not be efficient anymore. On the other hand, the competitors of Yellow Auto may be aware of this weak point of the company and attack Yellow Auto when the marketing is changing. If Yellow Auto is still paying attention on the psychology of managers and employees, but not to figure out strategies to face the changing market, Yellow Auto would be in big trouble. After these two steps, Yellow Auto come out the attitude and behavior which is the last step of the Perceptual Process Model. Recommendations advices on ways of maintaining advantages and facing challenges ¼Ã¢â‚¬ °and how to improve their decision making in the future From the results of the change in Yellow Auto Company, they indeed did a good job; however, it still has the points to be improved. Here this report is going to give some advices on maintaining the advantages and how to improve their decision making in the future. First, Yellow Auto should continue with their adjustment which maintains the current job satisfaction and commitment of employees. From the experience, increasing morale of employees indeed help people treat the company as their own family, so that they would take 100% effort for working. Also, the recruited personnel for the the right person for the right job should be continued. That saves a lot of time for both managers and employees. From the psychology perspective, this change to some extent increases the morale and loyalty of employees. People can sense the feeling of being valued and nobodys talent would be wasted in some meaningless position. However, there are various sources of perceptual process bias that deserve more attention (Zajonc Nieuwenhuyse, 1964). These perceptual process should be put enough attention by Yellow Auto. They may be able to slow down the development of the company. For example, the attribution error easily leads to the perpetual process bias. All human beings tend to see the favorable point as the future result. Actually that is rather dangerous. If top managers of Yellow Auto were with the attribution error, they would fail to anticipate the actual direction of marketing, so that they may not be able to make the very first decision, that is, a goal of 50% marketing share. Another serious perpetual process bias is recency effect (Broadbent, 1967). Thats why top managers in one company should have long distance insight, and be able to avoid the garble brought by some fancy recency effect. Last but not the least, Yellow Auto should put more attention on the marketing wave and possible change. Although the good morale and loyalty of employee are important for the company development and culture forming, it is vitally dangerous if all top managers attention is focused on the psychology analysis of employees. Then other competitors would seize this opportunities to occupy the good marketing. The huge loss can be hardly saved by psychology. Conclusion This paper aims to study the case of Yellow Auto Automotive Company, from the perspective of psychology to investigate the decision making issues in this company. First, a brief introduction of the company is given to offer the basic information of Yellow Auto. As one of the most well-known car company, Yellow Auto Company was built in 1989 by two brothers and occupied 54% marketing share in 2008. Yellow Auto used to make several important decisions in the whole changing process. This report analyzed the implementation of these decisions by the company from the transactional analysis perspective. Next, the changing strategies of Yellow Auto are looked into from the psychology of the decision maker. And the strength and weakness of the decisions made in this case are analyzed based on the Perceptual Process model. One strong strength point of Yellow Auto is that their top manager did well in perceiving the right marketing trend and anticipating a bright and feasible goal for the compa ny. However, their main point is put on the psychology of the employees and they aimed to increase the job satisfaction and commitment of employees. They ignored to put more attention on the marketing wave and flexible future. If marketing would suddenly change, all the previous work could not be efficient anymore. At last, suggestions on how to maintain long and short comings of Yellow Auto are given and how to improve their decision making in the future is also discussed. Yellow Auto should continue with their adjustment which maintains the current job satisfaction and commitment of employees. And the recruited personnel for the the right person for the right job should be also continued. However, there are various sources of perceptual process bias that deserve more attention, such as attribution error and recency effect. And Yellow Auto should put more attention on the marketing wave and possible change.

Private Schools vs. Public Schools Essay -- Private Schools Public Sch

Parents often wonder how to start off their children’s education. Depending on ones religion or beliefs a private or public school is a choice most parents face. Of course, each school offers it’s own pros and con’s the choice is simple. Public schools offer the best well rounding of a student. While being enrolled in a public school, students are faced with real outside world problems, are with a different blend of students each year, and are also introduced to the latest technology faster. While, a public school the money is offered to them by the state easier then having donations like a private school. Ones child will most likely be with the same students throughout their educational years. Classes aren’t as big and varied like classes at public schools. While in a public schoo...

Women Change the World

Women change the world â€Å"A woman is like a tea bag- you never know how strong she is until she gets in hot water†, these were the well said words of former US first lady and leading feminist Eleanor Roosevelt. How many women do our lives comprise of, how many have we thanked. The daughters, the mothers,  the sisters, the fribblings – friends like siblings, the wives, the aunts, the nieces, the grand-some things, the young uns, the teens. The women in our  lives. Who love, lose, cry. Laugh, heal, thrive. Nurture.Create. Have we thanked them enough for the great changes they’ve made? History is evident of the fact that its golden pages wouldn’t be as revolutionary as they are without the women that existed, that strived and persisted on for a change, for a difference. A glimpse into these chapters remind us that we have stood up and against barbarian acts, we have invented and discovered the unknown, we have written the unforgettable, we have chased the most feared, we have done the unbelievable, WE have made a change.The women who have been leaders of this race of change are boundlessly many, the writers, the scientists, the politicians, the mutineers but today we shall borrow the time to recount the glories and honor a few outstanding ones out of them. No 1. Everyday millions of people ride the buses of America; some prefer to sit in the front rows while others at the back. In the 1950s, Rosa Parks rode a bus to work five days a week. Even though black people had supposedly been equal citizens for almost a hundred years, the law did not allow her to choose her seat.Rosa Parks known as the â€Å"mother of the civil rights movement† put the wheels of change in motion by refusing to give up her seat for a white man. That is what ignited the eternal spark of anti racism. No 2. Marie Curie was the first women to receive the Nobel Prize and the first person to win it for 2 separate categories. Her first award was for researc h into radioactivity (Physics 1903). Her second Nobel Prize was for Chemistry in 1911. A few years later she also helped develop the first x-ray machines. Marie Curie was not only a scientific pioneer, but also a social pioneer.Marie Curie: Overachiever, who cooked, cleaned, discovered radium, and raised a Nobel Prize-winning daughter. Her many accomplishments were not only astonishing for her time but have yet to be equaled in our time. No 3. Some books are timeless, and even though they were written long ago they are still enjoyed by modern readers. Jane Austen was an English novelist whose books, set among the English middle and upper classes, are notable for their wit, social observation and insights into the lives of early 19th century women.She was the author of several enduringly popular English novels, including: Pride and Prejudice, Emma and Mansfield Park. Jane Austen wrote at a time when female writers were very rare, helping pave the way for future writers. She made a ch ange by writing when women were forbidden to do so another pride to the long list of history makers. No 4: The patron saint of France, Joan of Arc received â€Å"heavenly visions† giving her the inspiration to lead the French in revolt against the occupation of the English.An unlikely heroine; at the age of just 17 the diminutive Joan successfully led the French to victory at Orleans. Her later trial and martyrdom on false premises only heightened her mystique. Joan of Arc achieved a remarkable achievement in her short life of 19 years. In particular she embodied religious devotion with great bravery and humility, her life helped change the course of French history. Her words of wisdom have gone down in history, â€Å"One life is all we have and we live it as we believe in living it.But to sacrifice what you are and to live without belief, that is a fate more terrible than dying. †Ã‚   No 5: One of the most innovative fashion designers Coco Chanel was instrumental in d efining feminine style and dress during the 20th Century. Her ideas were revolutionary; in particular she often took traditionally male clothes and redesigned them for the benefit of women. In her own golden words â€Å"Fashion is not something that exists in dresses only. Fashion is in the sky, in the street, fashion has to do with ideas, the way we live, what is happening. She prided herself on her great taste, fashion and practicality combined with an awareness of what people wanted. It was this that made her the most recognizable name in world fashion. And last but not the least No 6: Devoting her life to the service of the poor and dispossessed Mother Teresa became a global icon for selfless service to others. Through her missionary of Charities organisation she personally cared for 1000s of sick and dying people in Calcutta. She was awarded the Nobel Peace prize in 1979.When Mother Teresa received the prize, she was asked, â€Å"What can we do to promote world peace? † Her answer was simple: â€Å"Go home and love your family . â€Å"Over the last two decades of her life, Mother Teresa suffered various health problems but nothing could dissuade her from fulfilling her mission of serving the poor and needy. Until her very last illness she was active in travelling around the world to the different branches of â€Å"The Missionaries of Charity†. Mother Teresa was a living saint who offered a great example and inspiration to the world.Through the centuries, women have tried to be equal to men. From their position in the workplace to voting rights, women have struggled to gain equal rights. It is this struggle, this strive, this pain, this suffering that has made women so much more capable than they were once believed to be, these have given women the power and have ignited the flame that has gone on to change the world . Women, not only the handful that I have listed, but far more than these have changed and continue to change our world for the greater good, every single day.